The news media love political polls. Unfortunately.

AI-GENERATED PHOTO BY STAKALO

UPDATE (Nov. 9, 2024): Results of the presidential election fell within the margin of error of most national and swing-state polls. But the deviation in real results went all in Trump’s favor. So the polls’ picture of a neck-and-neck race was statistically accurate but impressionistically wrong, underestimating Trump for the third election in a row.

Nearly everyone who wanted Joe Biden to end his presidential campaign pointed to political public opinion polls. They were one reason he did so. Supporters of Kamala Harris as his replacement cited political public opinion polls. Polls lately have fueled optimism among Harris supporters and panic and strategy changes within the campaign of Donald Trump.

Polls are influencing some really monumental decisions. Sure wish I had more confidence in them. And in how the media report them.

Polls remain the best method for quick and valuable assessment of public views, and they are, for the most part, accurate. But they were wrong in 2016. Although national polls in aggregate reflected Hillary Clinton’s popular vote margin, many state polls failed to reflect Trump’s level of support in some key states and therefore masked his chances of an Electoral College victory. That’s why you, me and most of the world were so stunned that night.

In 2020, polls got the right winner in Biden, but badly underestimated the strength of Trump and other Republican candidates.

“The polling industry is a wreck and should be blown up,” Politico wrote in November 2020. And a New York Post headline from the same month said: “The pollsters were wrong again – why do we listen to them?”

For the 2022 midterm elections, pollsters got bashed for predicting a Republican surge that never happened. On the other hand, FiveThirtyEight.com, a polling website that also rates the many polling organizations that exist, declared the 2022 polling cycle as the most accurate since 1998.

Polls can serve two distinct purposes: Assessing public sentiment at a particular moment and predicting an election outcome. James Stovall, a former UA journalism professor who co-directed Southern Opinion Research in the 1980s and 1990s (when I occasionally worked with him on political polls on behalf of The Birmingham News), said a “well-constructed” public opinion survey can effectively serve both purposes.

But not every survey meets that standard, he added, and the media and the public can easily misinterpret polling data. “Because there are so many public opinion polls being conducted and reported, it is not easy to say they are always ‘accurate’,” he wrote in an email.

He pointed out that all polls have some degree of statistical imprecision. That happens for various reasons. For one, the best polls use a truly random sample of the population (to increase chances that the demographics of the sample match the demographics of the whole population) and “getting a good random sample of the population is more difficult these days.”

The spread of cellphones has made people harder to reach and telemarketing has made people more reluctant to answer calls. The last time one of today’s young people answered a phone call was … never. And when surveyors do get people to answer, they increasingly don’t want to talk. Some current poll directors say that’s a problem especially among Republicans because many Republicans consider polls as part of the news media and they don’t like the news media. “Response rates have always made survey research difficult,” Stovall said.

News organizations report on polls endlessly and sometimes commission polls by a survey company. When presenting any poll, news stories need to include basic information that helps the public assess the worthiness of the poll: Who conducted it; sample size; how and when respondents were surveyed; margin of error; and how questions are phrased, which can (but shouldn’t) steer answers in a particular direction. “Unfortunately, many reporters do not understand these factors and their importance,” Stovall said.

Margin of error is a biggie. It’s an acknowledgement that the poll results based on a sample may not exactly match the results if the whole population were surveyed. If a poll says Harris leads by 2 percentage points and the poll’s margin of error is plus or minus 3 percentage points, then it’s possible that in reality Trump leads by 1 point. Or Harris leads by 5. News stories generally don’t explain margin of error well enough. Or even mention it.

According to a March 2023 article published on FiveThirtyEight.com, candidates leading polls by less than 3 points have won just 55 percent of the time. “In other words, races within 3 points in the polls are little better than toss-ups — something we’ve been shouting from the rooftops for years.” (That would make Trump vs. Harris a toss-up at the moment.)

Unexpectedly low or high election day turnout by particular demographic groups can also make predictive polls come out wrong. So can the simple fact that people change their minds. Sometimes events cause that, sometimes it’s just a change of heart at the last minute.

The constant headlines of poll results are a media staple of every election cycle. You just have to hope such “horse race” coverage doesn’t overwhelm attention to candidate policy and character, and that everyone understands the limits and variables of polling. And I say that even knowing that “electability” was a colossal question for the Democrats this year.

Stovall sees poll news stories as a popular part of campaign coverage. “It seems to be what the audience for political reporting wants to know about. And it certainly seems to be what political reporters and editors like to report.”

To dive deeper into the mechanics of polling, click here.

“None of these polls mean anything at all. They’re meaningless and yet, we keep looking at them. They’re like the Kardashians in a lot of ways. ”

— Jimmy Kimmel, host of ABC's Jimmy Kimmel Live

Right ways and wrong ways to report on football concussions

CREDIT: ASSOCIATED PRESS/DOUG MURRAY

When Miami Dolphins quarterback Tua Tagovailoa collapsed after a head-first collision and concussion Thursday night, I felt sick that we had possibly just witnessed the career end for one of the most thrilling QBs who ever played at the University of Alabama.

Meanwhile, broadcaster Al Michaels projected routineness and dimwittedness, noting that Tagovailoa kept the drive alive with a first down and that Miami doesn’t play again for 10 days, as if there’s an actual chance the player might return by then. Completely tone deaf.

Sports media in recent years have gotten so much better at conveying the severity of concussions and in prioritizing health over winning games in their commentaries. But this requires a constant effort that too often doesn’t happen.

A concussion is an impact or whiplash effect that causes the brain to move violently and alters its functioning. In most cases players recover completely but in other cases one or more concussions cause long-term damage to physical and cognitive health. Football players can suffer such consequences also from the cumulative effect of years of more routine impacts that aren’t full-fledged concussions.

A concussion has the unfortunate result of making a player more susceptible to getting a second one. Tagovailoa has suffered at least five, including one at Alabama in 2019 and two within four days with the Dolphins in 2022. After Thursday’s trauma, numerous sports commentators, as well as some former NFL players, publicly advised Tagovailoa to retire or strongly consider it.

The NFL has addressed the problem with changes to rules and equipment plus an emphasis on proper tackling. There’s a more aggressive approach to spotting possible concussions and a more conservative approach to when players should return. But dangerous head impacts still occur regularly — some unavoidable and some very avoidable. According to the NFL’s own figures, the number of reported concussions in games and practices dropped from 281 in 2017 to 172 in 2020 but has increased every year since then to 219 last season. Failures of post-collision protocol still happen (see Tua’s first concussion of September 2022).

kevin scarbinsky of the alabama media group commendably calls out this hit saturday on a helmetless uab player.

All of this means concussion prevention and treatment must remain a coverage focus for sports journalists. And not just those who report on the NFL. This is an issue for youth, high school and college football (see UAB vs. Arkansas on Saturday) and sports beside football, especially soccer and ice hockey.

Resources exist for journalists who want more understanding of this complex physiological topic and who want to avoid reporting and writing errors that add to the problem. I point first to the Concussion Legacy Foundation. At minimum, journalists should read the educational links on the CLF’s “Media Project” webpage. The CLF also offers effective training programs* for college journalism classes and professional media organizations, plus a certification program.

In the meantime, here are some basic tips for responsible reporting on concussions:

• Watch for violent impacts to or near the head and subsequent signs of a concussion. Note if the athlete is or isn’t removed from the game. If not, ask why.

• If the athlete is removed, note if and when they return. Know the return-to-play protocol required by the league or association. Try to observe whether it was followed. A return sooner than 10 minutes is reason for suspicion and more questions about the concussion evaluation.

• Don’t use euphemisms, such as “got his bell rung.” Also, it’s a “brain injury,” not a “head injury.”

• Avoid “toughness” narratives. It sends the wrong message to athletes everywhere to praise players who knowingly play with a possible concussion. Praise players who take themselves out.

• The adequacy or inadequacy of a league’s preventive measures and its treatment protocol should be a regular coverage topic. As should dangerous deviations from the protocol.

Big hits and star players are good for the media’s business. But monitoring player safety is more important.

* I judge the CLF training as effective because my department colleagues Dr. Scott Parrott, Dr. Andrew C. Billings and I tested the training on some of my students.

Saban will do better on TV than Brady

Talented students interested in TV sports journalism can get good jobs. But they aren’t ever going to become a football gameday analyst in a booth or a studio for a national network because those precious few jobs belong to former athletes or coaches.*

This football season, major networks added two really big names from those categories -- Nick Saban as an analyst on ESPN’s College GameDay and Tom Brady as No. 1 analyst for Fox Sports’ NFL broadcasts.

Based on a small sample size, I foresee that Saban will perform better in his role than Brady will in his.

Saban works hard to excel at whatever he does and I think that shows in his new role. In three GameDay appearances so far, he’s offered some pointed, welcomed commentary -- talking, for instance, about evidence that his players were solicited to transfer immediately after his retirement and noting that tons of NIL money doesn’t do any good if it’s spent on the wrong players. (The latter remarks included the s-word profanity, which is OK on ESPN but would have drawn a Federal Communications Commission fine on ABC.)

He's even been amusing, such as ribbing Florida State fans that he had nothing to do with his team getting picked over theirs for the playoffs last year. And the notoriously media-averse coach caused the head of every sports writer in Alabama to explode when he said of his new job: “Now I’m in this world. This is my gig, and it’s hard.”

I suspect ESPN is loving the dynamic it has created between the mostly serious Saban and the shtick of co-panelist Pat McAfee as a developmentally stunted frat bro.**

Brady, in his first broadcast Sunday, didn’t offer much game insight beyond what knowledgeable viewers could see for themselves. I expected more revealing analysis from the best quarterback of all time. He was excessively repetitive in his major points, too.

He had good moments when he discussed a quarterback’s view of man-to-man vs. zone coverage and the complexities of the Dallas defensive coordinator’s schemes. He had a lucky moment when he brought up the havoc caused by Dallas defender Micah Parsons, then Parsons immediately made a big play. Brady had multiple bad moments when he bypassed chances to talk about Cleveland quarterback Deshaun Watson’s inadequacies, suggesting that he’s going to protect the men who play his former position.

Brady, who I’m sure will get better, made some decent attempts at humor and personality. I thought “I can’t hit a sand wedge 71 yards” in reference to a possible 71-yard field goal attempt was pretty good.

Beyond individual moments, there’s a troubling issue with Brady. He has a conflict of interest between his broadcaster role and the NFL’s pending approval to make him a 10% owner of the Las Vegas Raiders. The NFL has restricted his freedom to criticize the officiating and banned him from team facilities and broadcast pre-production meetings with coaches and players. Fox Sports obviously doesn’t care, and Brady does have other avenues of access to the pre-game information that any good analyst needs. So he can overcome the restrictions. But the ownership angle still makes a viewer wonder if he’s going to feel more beholden to the league and its people than the typical announcer.

Saban has a conflict of interest, too, but of a different kind. He’s still a paid employee of the University of Alabama ($500,000 per year). With his status, Saban doesn’t need to worry whether anyone at UA might get angry or punitive, and unlike Brady, there aren’t restrictive rules. But one question going forward is how bluntly Saban will talk about Alabama and the SEC. How much, if at all, will loyalty or bias influence such commentary? So far, he’s picked Georgia, not Alabama, to win the SEC. He’s also said good things about Hugh Freeze at Auburn. Thankfully for the current job, bluntness is a Saban trademark, as is his desire to do every job right. But each viewer can decide for themselves what they think they’re hearing.

In the bigger picture, that’s always the problem when coaches and athletes become media commentators. What are viewers hearing? Hopefully it’s highly informed truth, not loyalty to a brethren. I don’t trust networks to make sure it’s the former. Certainly networks value the distinctive experiences and knowledge that former coaches and athletes bring, but I think the executives care more about the star power of big names. Over time, it’s up to Brady, Saban and other second-career TV sports analysts to prove themselves. Which sometimes happens, and sometimes never does.

* Rece Davis of ESPN College GameDay is a graduate of my UA department but I consider him more of a host than an analyst. And a few true journalists, such as Nicole Auerbach of NBC Sports, get on-air studio time in football reporter roles.

** GameDay ratings so far this season have been exceptionally good.

Hannity got bashed so it’s only fair to bash the liberal ones, too

ana navarro, an anti-trump republican, cnn political commentator and a host on abc’s “the view,” speaks at last week’s democratic national convention.

For several semesters, Fox News talk show host Sean Hannity was a featured PowerPoint slide in my lectures on media ethics and conflicts of interest -- specifically, his speaking at a Donald Trump campaign rally in Cape Girardeau, Missouri in November 2018.

If you work in the news media, you shouldn’t play prominent roles in political activities. Your organization likely prohibits it, in fact.* This falls in the “duh” category of avoiding real or perceived conflicts of interest.

Commentators for various liberal news organizations and media watchdogs rightly took Hannity to task. Multiple Fox News journalists anonymously expressed their own outrage toward Hannity. In a vague and performative gesture to try not to appear blatant in its pro-Trump propaganda, the network issued a statement that it does not condone its talent participating in campaign events and that it had internally “addressed” the “unfortunate distraction.”

Move now to last week when CNN political commentator Ana Navarro served as host of the Democratic National Convention on Tuesday night and political activist Al Sharpton, host of a weekly news talk show on MSNBC, was among the DNC’s speakers on Thursday night.

Neither network seemed to have a problem with this, and I didn’t hear or read any alarm from anyone who jumped up and down about Hannity six years ago. What’s the difference?

For one, slamming Fox News is (understandably) a favorite pastime of the liberal media. For two, Kamala Harris is a lot more politically tolerable to the liberal media than Trump. I’ll go further. The threats posed by Trump are so ominous that CNN and MSNBC may have felt justified to ignore traditional conflict of interest rules in order to boost the cause.

Or, to be more crassly practical, CNN and MSNBC may simply have wanted the status boost.

al sharpton, founder of the national action network and host of politics Nation on msnbc

I can offer some arguments why it’s not necessary to worry about journalism ethics here. Start with the question of whether news talk show hosts and commentators are journalists or merely opinion givers who don’t need to be neutral and can play by looser rules. To be even more insulting, maybe they’re just entertainers.

Also, bias that’s on public display is less troubling than hidden bias because at least the public can see it and take it into account when assessing the persuasiveness and credibility of TV talking heads.

Regardless, high-profile political activity by members of the media, even opinion givers, is bad practice. It moves from commenting on the news to influencing it.** It also allows the audience to think – in some cases correctly – that a politically involved commentator is actually just a PR agent for a candidate or a party, with no chance of ever offering a critical opinion, even if facts warrant one.

* Almost all news organizations prohibit not only participation in campaign events but also campaign donations, yard signs and bumper stickers, and other forms of political involvement.

** One of its stars speaking at a campaign rally is not Fox’s most egregious example of influencing the news off the air.

This time, media have actually done some good work on Trump

Donald Trump came out of hiding last week for a press conference at his Mar-a-Lago home and the performance of the press triggered a wave of media criticism the likes of which I haven’t seen in a long time.

A livid Lawrence O’Donnell spent 20 minutes of his MSNBC talk show Thursday night slamming cable networks, including his own, for broadcasting the press conference live without immediate fact checking and for failing to give that same live coverage to Kamala Harris’ campaign event that day. He slammed the assembled reporters in Mar-a-Lago for timid questioning and lack of followups, allowing Trump to skate by with lies or incomprehensible non-answers. (On Sunday, NPR published a story that counted 162 misstatements, exaggerations and outright lies in 64 minutes.)

“It’s 2016 all over again,” O’Donnell said. “The same mistakes are being made. I have never seen an industry slower to learn from its own stupid mistakes than the American news business. And you cannot expect them in the next 89 days to figure out what they haven’t been able to figure out in nine years: How to cover a Trump for president campaign.”

Will Bunch, the excellent national opinion columnist for The Philadelphia Inquirer (and a former Birmingham News colleague), noted on X that, remarkably, no one asked Trump about a Washington Post report that he may have received $10 million from the Egyptian government while he was president. No one asked about Project 2025 either.

In a Facebook post, John Mangels, another top-notch ex-colleague from The News, called the press conference “flat-out journalistic malpractice.” He also cited a Washington Post headline that labeled Trump’s answers as “meandering.” Mangels saw them as “clear evidence of cognitive deficit.” The New York Times wasn’t much better in recognizing the main takeaway. Its lead angle was that Trump tried to reclaim media attention from Harris (and it worked!).

One White House correspondent posted on X that the Trump campaign chooses the reporters who travel with him and that only certain other reporters got early alerts to the press conference in Palm Beach. That could explain at least some of the inadequate questioning. But the media criticism seems fair.

The bigger consideration is whether this episode reflects continuation of a press whitewash on behalf of Trump. Since he came on the national political scene, certainly we’ve seen too many stories that failed to fact check, used too many euphemisms, forcibly extracted meaning out of gibberish, and made him seem like a normal candidate engaged in semi-conventional politics.

But maybe journalists are getting an unfair rap. Erik Wemple thinks so.

a link to erik wemple’s column is in the post.

Wemple, the media critic for The Washington Post, published a listt of more than 200 news articles and commentaries by national print/online news organizations between November 2022 and July 2024 that addressed the agenda, actions and authoritarian dangers of Donald Trump. (Wemple didn’t include all such stories nor hundreds of cable news segments.) Wemple’s point: No, the news media are not giving Trump a pass. And yes, they are addressing the potential consequences of this election, not just the campaigning. So give the media some credit.

Or not. They can’t do the job only sometimes.

Reporters can’t get numb to Trump’s habitual antics and claims to the point that they see them as repetitive and no longer newsworthy enough to challenge or to highlight. Much of the reading and viewing public have short memories. And reporters wouldn’t want to miss a possible big story: That the Republican nominee’s incoherence may be getting worse. Now there’s a lead angle.

The obligation of journalists is to deliver their best, most aggressive accountability journalism every day, every story, every press conference, especially during an election campaign with as much riding on it as this one.

News media need a plan for dealing with Kamala Harris slander

criticism of kamala harris’ laugh is petty and irrelevant. SOME other criticisms, though, are destructive and reprehensible.

Do you know how long it took after Joe Biden withdrew from the presidential race for some Donald Trump supporters to publicly slam Kamala Harris with sexist and racist criticisms? Trick question. It started before he withdrew.

And it’s not going to stop anytime soon. Ethical news media have to figure out if and how they give it attention and whether their same ol’ same ol’ practices are going to work for one of the country’s most monumental elections ever.

Opposition attacks on the actions, policies and credentials of any political figure are relevant and newsworthy, even if they’re false. Wrong statements are the unfortunate price of having the open civic conversations that we need. And I still believe in the ability of the press to “knock down” falsehoods if they do it immediately and forcefully with facts.

But criticism rooted in mere demographics is a whole different category. The prospect of America’s first female president – and oh my gosh she’s of mixed race too – has triggered the worst of the Trump supporters to spew blatant racist and misogynistic vitriol in interviews and on social media. (This happened in 2020 too.)

Harris is inarticulate (Kellyanne Conway). She’s lazy (Conway again). She’s annoying (Republican National Committee). She has no children of her own (former Ron DeSantis campaign official Will Chamberlain). She slept her way to the top (Megyn Kelly, Milo Yiannopoulos and Trump himself). She’s at the top only because of DEI (Republican U.S. Reps. Tim Burchett and Chip Roy).

Such remarks are hateful, of course, and perpetuate highly destructive stereotypes about Blacks and women.

Stuff like this will spread uncontrolled on social media, but what should more responsible news media do? There’s a persuasive argument that they should report on it because such nastiness – whether it represents true belief or merely a low-road political tactic – is a measure of candidate character and ethics that the public deserves to know about. It may also suggest a candidate bereft of legitimate criticisms.

Here's the big problem with that argument: The noble calling out of hateful rhetoric gives it greater circulation, or as academics say, amplifies it. And it’s getting amplified to segments of the public that are gullible. While it may simply harden the existing views of some people, it’s alarming to think such garbage might sway even a few minds in a massively consequential presidential election that figures to be close.

The news media are “a powerful mediator between candidates and the voting public either by unwittingly supporting the racial message agenda of candidates or by confronting or refusing to communicate a racial frame of reference for a given contest,” researchers Charlton McIlwain and Stephen Caliendo wrote* in 2011.

I like confronting, which to me means exposing motive, explaining dog whistles, and clear labeling of racism/sexism in publication. But we may stand at a moment when it’s necessary for the media to consider refusing.

Stuck in my traditional ways, I think we need to know everything the Republican nominee for president says. But I’d be fine if for the next three months journalists chose to ignore the surrogates and sycophants supporting him when they engage in offensive commentary like we are seeing against Kamala Harris.

With stakes this high, customary reportage, no matter how confrontational, may fail the nation.

 *Credit to my colleague Dr. A.J. Bauer for calling my attention to this reference

Why lots of news media are beating up on Joe Biden

I honestly don’t believe nefarious reasons are at work in the avalanche of news stories and commentaries about Joe Biden’s mental fitness. It comes instead from some conventional journalistic behaviors that are currently on steroids.

The avalanche is measurable. Media Matters found that five major national publications wrote 97 articles about Biden’s age or mental ability between mid-January and mid-June. Donald Trump? 10.

The one-sided barrage is not due to orders from the corporate offices. It is not because of the readership and viewership that a Trump presidency would bring (again). And it is not because most national political reporters and opinion writers – those who aren’t right wing propagandists at least – privately support Trump. There’s no agreement anyway on whether Biden’s withdrawal would help Trump or hurt him.

Other explanations are involved, starting with the essential purpose of reporting on the actions and deliberations taking place within the Democratic Party. The Republicans’ candidate isn’t going anywhere but the Democrats’ guy might be. (We can have a discussion another day on how much the party’s panic is due to the public’s panic due to the media’s panic following the first presidential debate.)

It doesn’t end there. I see other influences from the nature of political journalism, and even if I don’t think they’re nefarious, that doesn’t mean they’re harmless:

• National political journalists hate to open themselves up to claims of bias or uneven coverage by either side of the political spectrum. They are especially sensitive to this complaint from conservatives, even when unequal coverage is justified by facts. So, after constant bashing of Trump and Republicans, we are seeing some defensive overcompensation now. It’s reminiscent of Hillary Clinton’s emails.

• National political journalists (and all journalists) prefer story angles that are new. They, along with big chunks of the public, have understandably become numb to the many older, repeatedly documented defects of Trump, including mental defects. “People already know about that” is the wrong conclusion, however.

• Speaking of new angles, if a recently emerged storyline was initially hidden by the government or a campaign, reporters get annoyed. That annoyance may show in volume of coverage. Media critics have differed on whether the press got fooled on the Biden acuity story.

• National political reporters understand the importance of substance – policies, campaign platforms, track records – but they love to write about political process. I think many of them would welcome months of unprecedented stories about chaos and resolution within a major political party if Biden steps aside.

• As with process, they love to write about candidate style. Many political reporters and talking heads get hung up on image and mannerisms because they believe those are fundamental to electability. And that may be so. But they are much less relevant to effective governing.

The big question surrounding Biden now is whether the slow walking, the soft talking and the stumbles in spontaneous speech and thought reflect a cognitive decline that would interfere with non-spontaneous decision making. Evidence for both “yes” and “no” continues to emerge, including Friday night’s interview with ABC in which I thought Biden did OK but network analysts jumped all over him immediately afterward. I think some news reports have overlooked excellent articles (even by their own organization) cautioning that outward signs are not a good measurement of cognitive capability.

Regardless, the laser focus continues, even as it seems horrifyingly one-sided. But most national political journalists seem to find the mix of legitimate concern, political process and candidate style too irresistible to put a limit on it.

CNN debate format was an enormous blunder

PHOTO CREDIT: AUSTIN STEELE/CNN

The flaws in how CNN conducted the first presidential debate Thursday night were foreseeable and then magnified by actual events.

As a result, everyone is talking about the donkey in the room and barely about the elephant.

A brief review of the good and the awful of CNN’s format:

• No studio audience: Smart move.

• Muted microphones when the other guy spoke: Smart move.

• Order of topics: Abysmal judgment. The questions about the main concerns particular to each candidate needed to come first, not last. Order conveys importance. It is not bias to recognize that Donald Trump’s past and planned efforts to establish authoritarian rule are an abnormally important issue.

• No real-time fact checking: A completely irresponsible decision. This wasn’t a heat-of-battle failure by the moderators, either. It was a derelict plan adopted beforehand. This would be a mistake no matter who the candidates were. To do this with Trump is mind boggling.

Moderators Jake Tapper and Dana Bash did well at repeating questions when a candidate’s first answer was evasive. But that’s not fact checking. Leaving it to candidates to accurately correct each other is fantasyland. The audience needs the credibility of a detached journalist. CNN eventually did provide detailed fact checking -- after the debate. Too late.

In a poll published Saturday by Data For Progress, 53% of 800 likely voters who watched or read about the debate said the moderators did not do enough to fact check the candidates.

The troubling consequence of CNN’s format is that Trump’s deranged statements and torrent of lies – three times as many falsehoods as Joe Biden – floated uninterrupted into the public consciousness. Recognizing that he wasn’t going to get called out, Trump got more deranged and the lies more torrential as the debate went on.

To compound the problem, most media conversations after the fact focused not on Trump but on Biden’s oral coherence. (For both of them, mental competence is a legitimate issue to evaluate; you just have to decide if you think 90 very bad minutes of spontaneous thinking and speaking sufficiently measures Biden’s mental competence.)

TV networks shouldn’t produce debates that have no method for real-time accountability. Networks need off-stage fact checkers who feed information to moderators, plus designated minutes for moderators to confront candidates about their falsehoods. Even if it means one candidate gets more questions than the other. Even if it means a longer debate.

Another proposal is one I advocated a year ago and that drew more than normal disagreement from readers: Record debates live but show them hours later. This allows for addition of on-screen graphics that address any misstatements not adequately remedied during recording.

I’m aware some number of viewers liked the minimalist moderation Thursday night. Don’t care. CNN is not excused.

Missing piece of Trump case coverage: The jurors

No one has published any interviews so far with members of the Manhattan jury that found Donald Trump guilty on 34 felony counts of falsifying records last week, but I’m certain multiple media outlets are trying.

Juror names and addresses were shielded from the media and the public but I think it’s inevitable that enterprising reporters will eventually find a juror or two who is willing to talk. That’s usually what has happened with high-profile court cases in the past.

A juror might be willing to allow publication of their name, but it should be a slam-dunk decision by any media organization to allow anonymity if that’s a condition of getting the interview. That’s because – sadly but unsurprisingly – some people outraged by the verdict have posted threats of harm against the jury on fringe social media sites. Example: “We need to identify each juror. Then make them miserable. Maybe even suicidal.” Posts have also included names and personal information of individuals believed by posters to have served on the jury.

It's reasonable to think the media horde should just back off of the 12 individuals who had their lives disrupted by this civic obligation and who showed impressive courage to render this verdict in such a high-profile and divisive case. But the news value justifies the reportorial effort. And candidly, if Trump had been found not guilty of everything, then I’d really want to know why, so I can’t very well argue to leave the jury alone in the present circumstance.

Keep in mind that “reportorial effort” doesn’t mean harassment and browbeating of jurors, though they might consider it that. It simply means making contact to see if and when they want to talk, and respecting whatever that decision is.

Surely, no ethical media organization would reveal a juror’s identity against their will, even if it unfortunately happens on social media. I don’t think even Fox News would do that.

Student journalists shine in campus protest coverage

one of two gaza war rallies at the university of alabama on wednesday. (photo: riley thompson of the crimson white)

A student reporter at the Columbia Journalism School who is covering the campus protests there tweeted Wednesday that she was so overwhelmed that she had to quit … giving interviews to professional media.

On this story playing out around the nation, it’s the campus media that are leading the way.

There are reasons for that. Several universities in the midst of pro-Palestinian rallies and police countermeasures closed the grounds to everyone except students and faculty. Student journalists are also more likely to know the activists, who in turn are more likely to talk to fellow students than to the professional media whose coverage of Israel’s war in Gaza they haven’t liked. It also helps that staffs of campus media probably are more demographically similar to the protesters than the professional media are.

This has led to outstanding work by many student media outlets, both print/online and radio. (The Crimson White gave prominent coverage to Wednesday’s peaceful double rallies at the UA Student Center Plaza.)

Producing these vital stories hasn’t been easy. At Columbia University, police told student reporters they would be arrested if they left the journalism building to report on the arrests being made in a nearby building occupied by protesters. (This was a comically ironic moment as next week Columbia will announce the Pulitzer Prizes. I look forward to the new category “Breaking News Reporting From A Distance That’s Acceptable To Us.”)

At New York University, police pepper sprayed a student newspaper photographer. At UCLA, the student paper tweeted early this morning that police forcefully clearing an encampment had threatened to arrest reporters. On Tuesday night, pro-Israel counter protesters sprayed and assaulted multiple reporters for The Daily Bruin, sending one to an ER.

On Wednesday, five national media associations wrote an open letter to college administrators: “Right now, the nation is turning to student journalists – people who know and live in these communities – for accurate and timely information. They are raising hard questions, verifying reports and supporting each other. What they are doing is essential to our democracy and embodies the values institutions like yours aim to instill in each and every student.

“We are horrified and dismayed to see student journalists and their advisers physically attacked, intimidated by police, and unfairly restricted in their access to their own buildings. Each of them is exercising the lessons imparted to them in their classes and student media operations. This maltreatment cannot continue.”